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Two different physical states of iodine are described.
In state 1, iodine exists as I₂ molecules that are widely spaced and in rapid random movement.
In state 2, iodine exists as I₂ molecules that are closely packed and only vibrate.
Iodine can be converted directly from state 2 to form state 1.
Which row about state 2 and the change from state 2 to state 1 is correct?
A student measures the time taken for 2.0 g of magnesium to dissolve in of dilute sulfuric acid.
Which apparatus is essential to complete the experiment?
1 stop-clock
2 measuring cylinder
3 thermometer
4 balance
Which method is used to separate a mixture of the following liquids?
Paper chromatography is used to separate four different coloured inks, W, X, Y and Z, and an unknown ink T.
The chromatogram is shown.
Which inks are present in ink T?
Which row identifies an alloy, a pure metal and a non-metal?
An atom of an element contains 4 electrons, 4 protons and 6 neutrons.
In which group of the Periodic Table is this element placed?
Which row describes an ionic solid?
Which molecule contains more than one pair of shared electrons?
Compounds that contain nitrogen can be used as fertilisers.
Which compound contains the greatest proportion of nitrogen by mass?
The diagram shows the electrolysis of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated aqueous sodium chloride using carbon electrodes
At which electrodes is hydrogen produced?
The energy level diagram for a reaction is shown.
Which statement is correct?
Which row identifies a chemical change and a physical change?
Metal M reacts with steam and produces gas G.
Which row identifies gas G and the type of reaction when metal M reacts with steam?
The rate of the reaction between lumps of zinc and dilute sulfuric acid is determined.
The experiment is repeated four times, making only one change each time.
The changes are listed.
1 The lumps of zinc are replaced with powdered zinc.
2 Water is added to the dilute sulfuric acid.
3 The temperature of the dilute sulfuric acid is increased.
4 A catalyst is added to the reaction mixture.
Which changes produce an increase in the rate of reaction?
Water is added to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
What happens during the reaction?
Which statement explains why lime is added to soil?
Sulfur dioxide is bubbled through water containing litmus.
The oxides of two elements, X and Y, are separately dissolved in water and the pH of each solution tested.
An acid is neutralised by adding an excess of an insoluble solid base.
A soluble salt is formed.
How is the pure salt obtained from the reaction mixture?
Which ion forms a precipitate that dissolves in excess with both aqueous ammonia and with aqueous sodium hydroxide?
Part of the Periodic Table is shown.
Which element is a metal?
The elements sodium to argon form Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
Which row describes the trend across Period 3 from left to right?
Lithium and sodium are in Group I of the Periodic Table.
Which statements about the properties of lithium and sodium are correct?
1 Lithium has a lower melting point than sodium.
2 They both produce hydrogen when they react with water.
3 Lithium is less dense than sodium.
4 Lithium is more reactive than sodium.
Which row describes the properties of a typical transition element?
Which row describes an atom of a noble gas?
Some properties of four elements, P, Q, R and S, are shown.
Solid P reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give hydrogen.
Solid Q does not conduct electricity.
Solid R is used to make saucepans because it is a good conductor of heat.
Solid S reacts with oxygen to form a compound where atoms of S share electrons with atoms of oxygen.
Which elements are metals?
Three metals, X, Y and Z, are added separately to dilute hydrochloric acid.
The oxides of each metal are heated with carbon.
The results of the reactions are shown.
Which uses of the metals shown are correct?
Carbon dioxide and methane are both greenhouse gases.
Which activity produces both of these gases?
Which statement about carbon monoxide is correct?
Fertilisers are used to provide three of the elements needed for plant growth.
Which two compounds would give a fertiliser containing all three of these elements?
Sulfur dioxide is tested by reacting it with acidified potassium manganate(VII).
Which colour change is seen in the test?
Which products use calcium carbonate in their manufacture?
1 aluminium
2 cement
3 iron
4 sulfuric acid
What are the products when limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated strongly?
Which structures represent ethene and ethanol?
One of the fractions obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum is naphtha.
What is a major use of the naphtha fraction?
Which statement describes the process of cracking?
Which temperature range is used in the production of ethanol by fermentation?
A hydrocarbon is tested with aqueous bromine.
The aqueous bromine turns from orange to colourless.
Which row describes the hydrocarbon?
Which polymers are constituents of food?
1 carbohydrate
2 nylon
3 Terylene
4 protein
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